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Light Emitting Diode

The Light Emitting Diode­—LED

What is LED?

The Light Emitting Diode­—LED

Basically, LEDs are tiny light bulbs, or semiconductor diodes, that fit easily into an electrical circuit. But unlike ordinary incandescent lamps, they do not have a filament that burns out or gets hot. The diodes emit light when partnered with an electrical current and are illuminated solely by the movement of electrons in the semiconductor material.

The LED is called solid state lighting or "SSL" because light is emitted from a solid object, the semiconductor diode, instead of a vacuum or gas tube (like an incandescent, fluorescent or HID lamp). The diode itself is a two-terminal crystalline and when an electrical current passes through it, the recombination of positive and negative charges results in the emission of visible light.

Less than one millimeter square, individual LEDs are clustered on a circuit board to create an array, which is then incorporated into a light fixture.

LED products are available at CommercialLightingSupplier.com.

 

Higher Color Rendering Means Lower Efficacy

By adding warming red to the LED, however, the higher red phosphor coating reduces the overall lumen output. As Kelvin temperature goes down and becomes warmer, overall lumen output is decreased. For example, a 14W Nora fixture with 3000K has a 630 lumen output, while a 14W Nora fixture with 4200K has a 710 lumen output. Efficacy is thus reduced as CRI goes higher.

Longer Performance Life

LEDs have a rated life based on the time it takes for the light output to decrease to 70% of the original output, which is typically about 50,000 hours or 17 years of normal use. A typical incandescent fixture will need to be re-lamped 10 or more times during the life of an LED fixture.

As LED chips increase in lumens and efficacy, the lighting industry is focused on producing better performing products. With higher lumen-per-watt LEDs being introduced everyday, the future for LEDs is bright.

Within the next decade LEDs are expected to be the dominant light source … a clean and green alternative for homes, cities and business.

The lighting industry has rarely seen a more compelling dynamic than the nationwide effort to go green with LEDs. Municipalities, airports and civic centers are converting entire public area lighting systems. Cost-conscious institutional and commercial facilities can not retrofit fast enough. And architects and home builders want the coveted LED (and LEED) green designations for the marketing edge.

LED products are available at CommercialLightingSupplier.com.

 

http://www.commerciallightingsupplier.com

http://www.commerciallightingsupplier.com/Under-Cabinet-LED.html

 

 

About the Author

Introduction to Light Emitting Diode Technology and Applications $69.95 Reviews the fundamentals and principles of light prior to an explanation of how LEDs generate different colors. This book examines the key of LEDs in lighting and communications. It discusses the opportunities and advancements in high brightness (HB) LED technology, solid state lighting and handheld electronic applications.

LightEmitting Diode $68.51 Light emitting diode. Oleg Losev, List of LED failure modes, Organic light emitting diode, Miniature light emitting diode, Solid state lighting, LED lamp, LED power sources, Electrical polarity of LEDs, LED circuit, LED as light sensor Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 74 Publication Date: 2009/10/08 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.17 inches

Organic Light Emitting Diodes (Hardcover) $385.4 Addressing the development of the organic light emitting diode (OLED) based on rare-earth and transition-metal complexes—Europium, Terbium, Ruthenium, and Rhenium—this unique perspective explains how these materials can be used to build organic-LEDs, from chemistry synthesis to device operation and the related charge transfer and confinement. Examining how organic materials can be used to build organic-LEDs, the relationship between the chemistry molecule "design," and state-of-the-art and expected pathways, this intelligent report provides intensive experimental results for scientists and engineers working in this new OLED framework, while maintaining a didactic utility for graduation students and teachers studying optoelectronics.

Device Architecture and Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Devices $129 Device Architecture and Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Devices focuses on the design of new device and material concepts for organic light-emitting devices, thereby targeting high current densities and an improved control of the triplet concentration. A new light-emitting device architecture, the OLED with field-effect electron transport, is demonstrated. This device is a hybrid between a diode and a field-effect transistor. Compared to conventional OLEDs, the metallic cathode is displaced by one to several micrometers from the light-emitting zone, reducing optical absorption losses. The electrons injected by the cathode accumulate at an organic heterojunction and are transported to the light-emission zone by field-effect. High mobilities for charge carriers are achieved in this way, enabling a high current density and a reduced number of charge carriers in the device. Pulsed excitation experiments show that pulses down to 1 A s can be applied to this structure without affecting the light intensity, suggesting that pulsed excitation might be useful to reduce the accumulation of triplets in the device.The combination of all these properties makes the OLED with field-effect electron transport particularly interesting for waveguide devices and future electrically pumped lasers. In addition, triplet-emitter doped organic materials, as well as the use of triplet scavengers in conjugated polymers are investigated.

Polymer Light Emitting Diodes Based on Polyfluorenes $138.61 This work is devoted to the study on Polymer Light Emitting Diodes (PLEDs) based on polyfluorenes, a promising class of semiconductive polymers for lightemitting diode applications. It covers theories of PLEDs, literature overview of polyfluorenebased lightemitting diodes, as well as research results by the authors. In this study, several types of PLED devices based on neat polyfluorenes or polyfluorene blends were designed, fabricated, and characterized. The electrical characteristics of two neat polyfluorenes were simulated via using space charge limited current theory for the holeonly case and/or exploiting a commercial software package. Author: Zhang, Qiushu/ Zivanovic, Sandra Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 164 Publication Date: 2010/08/16 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.37 inches

Pacer 20 Diode LED Light $15.95 LED (Light Emitting Diode) lighting gives extra brightness and longer life than conventional bulbs. Pacer's LED Light Kit works well when a light with extra length is needed. It is actually 12 LED lights within 1 larger light. The compact, slimline design allows a great variety of mounting location options. Includes one light. Mounts with two-sided tape Simple two wire installation Long life Low power draw Each light is 8'' L x 5/8'' W x 3/4'' H. Available in Red, Amber, White and Blue* *White and blue lights are an additional $6.00

Pacer 12 Diode LED Light $12.95 LED (Light Emitting Diode) lighting gives extra brightness and longer life than conventional bulbs. Pacer's LED Light Kit works well as a third brake or turn signal indicator. It is actually 12 LED lights within 1 larger light. The compact, slimline design allows a great variety of mounting location options. Includes one light. Mounts with two-sided tape Simple two wire installation Long life Low power draw Each light is 4 5/8'' L x 7/16'' W x 3/4'' H. Available in Red, Amber, White and Blue* *White and blue lights are an additional $2.00

Light-Emitting Diodes $48 This graduate textbook covers all aspects of the technology and physics of infrared, visible-spectrum, and white-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) made from III-V semiconductors. It reviews elementary properties of LEDs such as the electrical and optical characteristics.

Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices $139.95 Covering all aspects of OLEDs, this book includes a systematic investigation of organic light emitting materials, device physics, and engineering. It also explores the application of a-Si (amorphous silicon) based backplane for organic light emitting display and presents patent statuses of the investigated organic light emitting materials.

Light-Emitting Diode Pioneers : Nick Holonyak, Isamu Akasaki, Oleg Losev, H. J. Round, Shuji Nakamura $7.7 No Synopsis Available

Light-Emitting Diode Manufacturers : Philips Lumileds Lighting Company, Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh, Neopac, Cree Inc. , Nichia Corporation $8.81 No Synopsis Available

Light-Emitting Diodes (Hardcover) $186.1 Revised and fully up-dated, the second edition of this graduate textbook offers a comprehensive explanation of the technology and physics of LEDs such as infrared, visible-spectrum, ultraviolet, and white LEDs made from III-V semiconductors. Elementary properties such as electrical and optical characteristics are reviewed, followed by the analysis of advanced device structures. With nine additional chapters, the treatment of LEDs has been vastly expanded, including new material on device packaging, reflectors, UV LEDs, III-V nitride materials, solid-state sources for illumination applications, and junction temperature. Radiative and non-radiative recombination dynamics, methods for improving light extraction, high-efficiency and high-power device designs, white-light emitters with wavelength-converting phosphor materials, optical reflectors, and spontaneous recombination in resonant-cavity structures are discussed in detail. With exercises, solutions, and illustrative examples, this textbook will be of interest to scientists and engineers working on LEDs and graduate students in electrical engineering, applied physics, and materials science.

Light Emitting Silicon for Microphotonics $380.76 A fascinating insight into the stateoftheart in silicon microphotonics and on what we can expect in the near future. The book presents an overview of the current understanding of getting light from silicon. It concentrates mainly on low dimensional silicon structures, like quantum dots, wires and wells, but covers also alternative approaches like porous silicon and the doping of silicon with rareearths. The emphasis is on the experimental and theoretical achievements concerning the optoelectronic properties of confined silicon structures obtained during recent years. Silicon based photonic crystals are in particular considered. An in depth discussion of the route towards a silicon laser is presented. Author: Ossicini, Stephano/ Ossicini, S./ Pavesi, L. Series Title: Springer Tracts in Modern Physics (Hardcover) Series Number: 194 Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 294 Publication Date: 2004/01/12 Language: English Dimensions: 9.21 x 6.14 x 0.69 inches

Organic Light-Emitting Diodes $189.95 In six chapters and complete with an extensive set of references, this book describes and illustrates the physical principles of organic LEDs and their electrical and optical characteristics with a wide range of examples and practical studies.

Organic Light Emitting Devices $235 This high-class book reflects a decade of intense research, culminating in excellent successes over the last few years. The contributions from both academia as well as the industry leaders combine the fundamentals and latest research results with application know-how and examples of functioning displays. As a result, all the four important aspects of OLEDs are covered: - syntheses of the organic materials - physical theory of electroluminescence and device efficiency - device conception and construction - characterization of both materials and devices. The whole is naturally rounded off with a look at what the future holds in store. The editor, Klaus Muellen, is director of the highly prestigious MPI for polymer research in Mainz, Germany, while the authors include Nobel Laureate Alan Heeger, one of the most notable founders of the field, Richard Friend, as well as Ching Tang, Eastman Kodak's number-one OLED researcher, known throughout the entire community for his key publications.

Advances in Light Emitting Materials $224.25 No Synopsis Available

CarbazoleBased Emitting Compounds $141.79 Carbazole is a heterocyclic tricyclic aromatic organic compound consisting of two sixmembered benzene rings fused on either side of a fivemembered nitrogencontaining ring. A large number of carbazole derivatives have been designed and synthesized and organic electronic devices based on these derivatives such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), have been investigated. The optical and electrical properties of carbazoles are affected by substitution on the 2, 3, 6, 7 and 9Hpositions. Many carbazole derivatives have sufficiently high triplet energy to make them an efficient host where they can serve as red, green, or blue triplet emitters. Highly fluorescent and stable carbazolebased compounds were synthesized and characterized. Substitution of carbazoles at 3 and 6 position by tertbutyl group enhanced the solubility. Suitably susbtituted carbazoles form highly stable fluorescent organic nanoparticles. The emission of these nanoparticles was reversibly switched on/off in the bluegreen and orangered regions from a change in the ratio of the tetrahydrofuran/water system used in their preparation. Author: Adhikari, Ravi/ Neckers, Dr Douglas C. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 192 Publication Date: 2010/05/05 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.44 inches

Wide Bandgap Light Emitting Materials And Devices $205 Wide bandgap light emitters include laser diodes and light-emitting diodes (LED), the most modern diodes widely used in current technologies as microelectronics and optoelectronics. Rapid advances have been made during the last few years, with the result that more research is devoted to applications in line with the expanding market for optoelectronics. This volume deals with recent research results on wide bandgap light emitting materials, introducing new concepts for devices based on these materials. The editors, scientists with the best reputations, have invited authors from different institutions who are acknowledged researchers in the field as well as being involved in industrial applications. They represent several lines of research: III-nitride compounds, ZnO and ZnSe, the most promising materials for device applications.

Light-emitting Diodes and Optoelectronics (Hardcover) $369.61 Description not available.

Advances in Organic Light-Emitting Device $113.1 No Synopsis Available

Organic Light-Emitting Devices : A Survey $130.65 No Synopsis Available

Organic Light-emitting Materials And Devices $175.45 No Synopsis Available

Electroluminescence in Organic Light-emitting Diodes $80.93 No Synopsis Available

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The World Market for Photosensitive Semiconductor Devices and Light-Emitting Diodes $325 This report was created for strategic planners, international executives and import/export managers who are concerned with the market for photosensitive semiconductor devices and light-emitting diodes. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics that appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for photosensitive semiconductor devices and light-emitting diodes for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports. I do so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models.

The World Market for Diodes Excluding Photosensitive and Light-Emitting Diodes $325 This report was created for strategic planners, international executives and import/export managers who are concerned with the market for diodes excluding photosensitive and light-emitting diodes. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics that appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for diodes excluding photosensitive and light-emitting diodes for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports. I do so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models.

Eurolite Vertical Emitting LED Light Strips (Pair) $27.95 Interior and exterior applications Easy to install Can be cut at cut lines Use on wheel wheels, truck lids, door sills, head lamps, gills, and under dashboards Size: 16" long Sold as a pair

Light-Emitting Electric Musical Little Turtle Toy $7.49 Highlights Made of high quality and safe materialSimple and user-friendly Design. Perfect for home use. SpecificationsWeight Approx: 190gSize Approx: 12.2 x 7.1 x 20 cm

Nitride Semiconductor Blue Lasers and Light Emitting Diodes $169.95 The 'blue laser' is an exciting new device whose potential is now being recognised in commercial lighting systems. This comprehensive work introduces the subject at a level suitable for graduate students.

Organic Light-emitting Materials and Devices (Hardcover) $325.1 Description not available.

Blue Laser and Light Emitting Diodes II $95.55 No Synopsis Available