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How the "optical force" can move beyond the silicon chip-/transistor-scale and bring about unlimited, instant travel throughout space-time

In July 2009, electrical engineer Hong Tang and his team at Yale University in the USA demonstrated that, on silicon chip- and transistor-size scales, light can attract and repel itself like electric charges/magnets. Together, the attraction and repulsion effects make up what is known as the "optical force," a phenomenon that theorists first predicted in 2005 (I find this "time delay" rather confusing since James Clerk Maxwell showed that light is an electromagnetic disturbance approx. 140 years ago). In the event of the universe being an electronic construction, it seems likely that it would incorporate "silicon chip- and transistor-size scales" and that the optical force effect need not become imperceptible for larger light sources.

 

I think the universe is co-created from 1) computer code ^ written in a 5th dimension and written from what we know of nature and science as well as history, plus 2) lasers and holographic projection into the 3+1 dimensions we call space-time. According to the 1973 book ALBERT EINSTEIN: CREATOR AND REBEL by physicist Banesh Hoffman and Einstein´s secretary Helen Dukas, mathematical equations developed by Einstein in 1917 say a maximum of 3 "subuniverses" could exist in our cosmos: here, I´ll refer to them as SPACE (embracing the 3 dimensions of length, width and height), TIME (the 4th dimension) and HYPERSPACE (the 5th dimension). Particles and the universe can be regarded as closed loops of electromagnetic energy. These could be called strings or superstrings or Mobius loops ** (a Mobius loop can be visualised as a strip of paper which is given a half-twist of 180 degrees before its ends are joined). Remember that the top, side and bottom of each loop each consist of a miniaturised, fractal version of electromagnetic pulses forming length, width and depth (a fractal is a geometric structure having an irregular or fragmented appearance which is of a similar character at all magnifications - the word "fractal" was coined in 1975 by French mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot). The 3 familiar dimensions of length, width and height along, for example, the top of a loop would have a 4th dimension (time) perpendicular to them (on the side of the twisted paper ... or electromagnetic loop). And there would also exist a 5th dimension called hyperspace, at right angles to the 4th and 180 degrees * from the length/width/height along the loop´s top. The previous parts of this paragraph can be likened to astronomy´s picture of the 3+1 dimensions of space-time existing on the surface of a balloon which is expanding from an inner hyperspatial point (not in space-time) where the Big Bang occurred. These Mobius loops unite space and time into Einstein´s space-time (and add a 5th dimension, which was introduced in a letter to Albert Einstein written by Theodor Kaluza). He proposed that Einstein's dream of finding a unified theory of gravitation and electromagnetism might be realized if he worked his equations in five-dimensional space-time. Einstein scoffed at the idea at first but later reconsidered and helped Kaluza get his paper published. A few years after that, physicist Oskar Klein published a quantum version of Kaluza's work. In the 1970s, the resulting Kaluza-Klein theory turned out to be beneficial in working on supersymmetry (a postulated unifying relationship between elementary particles).

 

^ I´d like to suggest that Charles Darwin´s evolution has far greater consequences than either he or any scientist has realized. I believe the theory is not limited to biology, but is absolutely fundamental to the very existence of our universe and everything in it i.e. to cosmology, space-time, physics, mathematics, etc. etc. In a vital way, it even goes beyond Albert Einstein´s ideas since these paragraphs conclude that a "mutation factor" (also referred to as a "randomness factor") is fundamental to the universe (in computer art, randomness is introduced into the chain of repetitive calculations producing a mountain range so a convincingly rugged image will result.) The cosmic computer includes randomness and thus the potential to escape rigid preprogramming and have a degree of free will.

 

* Just like a paper Mobius strip, the shape of particles and the universe itself would be extremely flexible – causing indeterminate, ambiguous results in measurements. (A paper Mobius can, for example, resemble a triangular or square shape at various times; and its side and bottom may or may not be precisely 90 and 180 degrees from its top.)

 

** Why can particles and the universe be considered as Mobius loops? The 1st reason this seems possible is - all particles in the universe have a property called spin which is related to, but not identical with, the everyday concept of spin. In the case of particles of matter, according to the book "A Brief History of Time" by mathematician and physicist Stephen Hawking, this spin is said to have a fractional value of 1/2 which means they "do not look the same if one turns them through just one (complete) revolution: you have to turn them through two complete revolutions!" Similarly, you have to travel around a Mobius strip or loop twice to arrive at your starting point. The 2nd reason it seems possible is - the concept of "dark matter" would be used today to explain the increased gravitational effects caused by undetectable matter. But that undetectable matter would not be a new, unknown form of matter - it would be known particles travelling through the 4th and 5th dimensions (and therefore nonexistent in the 3 dimensions of ordinary space). While in these other dimensions, the particles known as dark matter are invisible ... but would of course still exert gravitational influence. (Physics´ string theory states this by saying "Gravity may not be confined to 3 dimensions.")

 

This article deals with 2 methods for creating the universe that are complementary – one using lasers and producing a hologram (whose digitization depends on the programming of its photons and other parts by the second procedure's QM-SCN), another which doesn't use lasers but concentrates on a Quantum-Mechanical SuperComputer Network whose simulation of worlds and people is displayed on the universal hologram. Holograms we're familiar with only result from visible light. But the word light can be applied to any form of electromagnetic radiation. Superimposing various frequencies in an object might cause them to stimulate not just our eyes but also nerves involved in touch, smell, perception of temperature, etc. This would make any object appear solid and to have mass* – it could even affect any scientific instrument e.g. detectors of electric, magnetic or gravitational fields. And objects in the universal hologram would not only include the screens of our computers, TVs and mobile phones but every physical and nonphysical part of the universal hologram would be a receptor for the downloading of data from the Quantum Supercomputer (in other words, a "screen" for invisibly displaying data). Information can be transferred from atoms (in this case, of the quantum supercomputer) to light (the universal hologram) then again to atoms (of the supercomputer via a feedback loop).

(Since the universe is a unification possessing zero separation; every bit of its matter, energy and force would feed back into the computer network and, even as the computer directs the matter/energy/forces in the universe, be simultaneously directing it, ensuring that history and the future could never be changed and the "grandfather paradox"^ is no problem after all).

 

Another effect of the universe being a unification having zero separation is that experiments in quantum mechanics would show that subatomic particles instantly share information even if physically separated by many light years (experiments conducted since the 1980s repeatedly confirm this strange finding). This is explicable as 2 objects or particles only appearing to be 2 things in an objective, "out there" universe. They'd actually be 1 thing in a unified, "everything is everywhere and everywhen" universe. If the universe is a hologram with each part containing information about the whole, the instant sharing of information over many light-years loses its mystery. And we'll see that time travellers from our future could return to the time of our Big Bang and make this a computer-generated hologram in which things appear distant from each other on a huge "screen" but are also unified by the strings of ones and zeros making up the computer code which is all in one small place. The 2 objects which appear distant from each other could be a star (along with its gravity and heat) and this world – or any two people, or 2 atoms in different millennia, or the opposite sides of an atomic particle somewhere in space or somewhere in time.

 

^ Suppose a man travelled back in time and killed his biological grandfather before the latter met the traveller's grandmother. As a result, one of the traveller's parents (and by extension, the traveller himself) would never have been conceived. This would imply that he could not have travelled back in time after all, which in turn implies the grandfather would still be alive, and the traveller would have been conceived, allowing him to travel back in time and kill his grandfather. Thus each possibility seems to imply its own negation, a type of logical paradox.

(From the article "Grandfather paradox" - Wikipedia, the free Internet encyclopedia)

 

* For decades scientists have theorised the existence of a particle, called the Higgs boson, that explains how other particles acquire mass. The Higgs boson is believed to produce a field that interacts with particles and gives them a property we interpret as mass, explains Dr Kevin Varvell, of the University of Sydney in Australia. Dr Aldo Saavedra, a particle physicist also at the University of Sydney, made this comment as colleagues at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), near Geneva, switched on the Large Hadron Collider - "It would be really nice if nature actually provided some very puzzling thing that theories haven't actually thought of." In September 2008, renowned British astrophysicist Professor Stephen Hawking bet US$100 that the LHC experiment would not find the Higgs boson. "I think it will be much more exciting if we don't find the Higgs. That will show something is wrong, and we need to think again," says Hawking. Another aspect relating to matter's appearance of possessing solidity and mass is - Morpho butterflies create colour by selectively adding and deleting certain wavelengths of light. Physicists have only recently devised comparable materials, called photonic band-gap crystals; and are now exploring their use in phone switches, solar cells and antennas. No surprise, then, that some engineers are looking to the living world for the next generation of optic inspirations. I believe advances in engineering and biology will enable humans, like the morpho butterfly, to selectively add and delete certain wavelengths of light. But the previous paragraph showed how anything and everything can be regarded as light (by e.g. superimposing electromagnetic and gravitational waves). So the day will come when we can add or delete wavelengths anywhere we choose, and there will be absolutely no limits to what a human can do! However, it is good to remember that we will never be gods or goddesses because the rest of the universe is also included in this unification. I anticipate people will oneday have band-gap structures in their brains that are no bigger than a computer chip (these won't require surgical implantation because of the pre-existing digital nature of all parts of the universe but will be installed after downloading). Photonic band-gap crystals would, of course, only deal with light in its photonic forms (energy forms such as visible light or radio waves). The band-gap structures I have in mind would need to deal with forms like matter, so they could add or delete anything and everything we choose. They might accomplish this by acting similarly to a modem that acts on a scale trillions of times smaller than a modem manufactured by nanotechnology, and would be capable of manipulating digitised matter. Then they could emulate computers´ copy/paste function to add things; as well as their delete function, to remove things. This ability must only come to fruition in a future, ideal society: it would only be wasted and abused in the present warring and selfish world!

 

If all forms of electromagnetic radiation can attract/repel, radio waves will cause communication revolution e.g. as the article about Hong Tang and his team states, with the Internet and cell phones (mobile phones). I anticipate that there may be no more overexposure to ultraviolet or X-rays.

 

In agreement with the wave-particle duality of quantum mechanics, EM waves have particle-like properties (more noticeable at high frequencies) so cosmic rays (actually particles) are sometimes listed on the EM spectrum beyond its highest frequency of gamma rays.

 

If cosmic rays are made to repel, astronauts going to Mars or another star or galaxy would be safe from potentially deadly radiation.

 

And if all subatomic particles in the body can be made to attract or repel as necessary, doctors will have new ways of restoring patients to health.

 

From 1929 til his death in 1955, Einstein worked on his Unified Field Theory with the aim of uniting electromagnetism and gravitation. Future achievement of this means warps of space (gravity, according to General Relativity) between spaceships/stars could be attracted together into an unfolded "vertical flatness", thereby eliminating distance.

 

Since Relativity says space and time can never exist separately, warps in space are actually warps in space-time. Eliminating distances in space also means "distances" between different times are eliminated … and time travel becomes reality. So if we get into a spaceship and eliminate the distance between us and a planet 700 light-years away, it'll not only be possible to arrive at the planet instantly but we'll instantly be transported 700 years into the future. On page 247 of "Physics of the Impossible" by physicist Michio Kaku (Penguin Books - 2009),  it's stated "astronomers today believe that the total spin of the universe is zero". This is bad news for mathematician Kurt Godel, who in 1949 found from Einstein's equations that a spinning universe would be a time machine (p. 223 of "Physics of the Impossible"). Professor Hawking informs us that "all particles in the universe have a property called spin which is related to, but not identical with, the everyday concept of spin". Everyday spin might be identical to Godel's hoped-for spinning universe. We've previously related the property of particles called spin to the Mobius loop and have seen how each part of the universe (each particle) contains information about the whole. If the universe is a Mobius loop, the fact that you have to travel around a Mobius strip or loop twice to arrive at your starting point might substitute for the lack of overall spin. Then the cosmos could still function as a time machine. We've seen how it permits travel into the future. We can journey further and further into the future by going farther and farther around the Mobius Universe. We might travel many billions of years ahead - but when we've travelled around M.U. exactly twice, we'll find ourselves back at our start i.e. we were billions of years in the future … relative to that, we're now billions of years in the past. Where are the tourists from our future who've journeyed into their past to check out our present? Maybe they've used synthetic biology to develop ghostly, non-physical bodies … if they're still physical, maybe they're "dark tourists" who resemble dark matter by remaining invisible yet are capable of exerting gravitational or other influence. Any limits on trips to the future or past might be overcome by travelling to other universes and linking their "eliminated distances" to those in this universe. This linkage requires all laws of physics etc. to be identical everywhere. In a so-called multiverse consisting of parallel universes where things have the potential to be slightly different, the link could be broken because we might find ourselves trying to force a square peg into a round hole. Thus, my conviction in unlimited time travel compels me to use the term "megauniverse".

 

A megauniverse is hinted at by Einstein´s equations as well as cosmology´s Steady-State theory, which say the universe has always existed and will continue forever. Einstein spoke of a "static" universe (which accurately describes a megauniverse that has no limits in space and has always existed/will continue forever), but he thought of this local branch as static, and rightly called it his greatest mistake since the local universe is now known to have had a beginning and to be expanding. Each universe arises from a big bang, but the megauniverse they belong to has no beginning (thanks to time-travelling cosmogenesists) and no end (thanks to energy influxes from later big bangs which "create" other regions of space-time: these influxes may be responsible for the acceleration of the expansion of the universe discovered in 1998 by the High-z Supernova Search Team and the Supernova Cosmology Project, which has been confirmed several times; and may be what is known as dark energy). And it maintains its average density through continuous "creation" (actually, recycling) of matter via the small amount from a preceding universe which is used to initiate expansion of its successor. This steady-state, or static, megauniverse would have its tendency to collapse (from, according to the viewpoint that only one time exists at any instant, ever-increasing gravitational attraction) always exactly balanced by, again from the viewpoint that all times cannot exist at once, the ever-increasing expansion of the universes it contains. The notion that contained universes that are forever expanding would somehow "burst" a static, steady-state megauniverse mistakenly assumes the megauniverse possesses a finite size; and it also reverts to our everyday experience that only one time exists at any instant (forgetting that all times exist and the megauniverse therefore accommodates not just some, but all, extents of expansion). Also: the megauniverse can be static even though it´s composed of expanding universes because of its literally infinite size which results from cosmogenesists being able to access unlimited points in both space and time. People can be resurrected long after death (by having their minds downloaded into clones of their bodies by scientists utilizing the unification of all space and time) then use time travel to be alive long before birth - similarly, universe producers can journey to points existing before origin of the particular universe they live in. Since the megauniverse is infinite, there´s always a place and time for them to go to - we need to abandon our purely linear or serial concept of time which says universe B can only come into existence after universe A´s origin, and embrace a holistic or whole-istic concept where universes B and A (and all others) coexist. The quantum mechanical thought experiment known as Schrodinger´s Cat in which the cat exists and does not exist at the same time (a hammer which might or might not be triggered by a source of radioactivity to break a bottle of poisonous gas both kills and doesn´t kill the cat - and all these things are placed in an airtight box) helps us understand "life before birth" and "later universes preceding earlier ones". We can regard the cosmic hologram and the megauniverse as examples of invariance (the quality of not changing) and the hologram´s relativistic property of appearing different from differing vantage points as represented by the expanding universes with their big bangs.

 

Maxwell could never have imagined the possibilities outlined above. Even Einstein lived too long ago to get more than a glimpse of them. Will the rapid advances in today's world see these possibilities fulfilled in the lifetime of Hong Tang and his team (the engineers who demonstrated that beams of light can attract and repel each other)?

 

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About the Author

G´day from the Land Down Under! To be exact: from a town called Stanthorpe, which is in the southern part of the state Queensland, in Australia. I´m a guy who was born in this town in 1956. I've been writing articles of this nature since the 1970s and it's a total obsession with me.

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